I found this guidance on the web and I think it might be usefull for linux users, testdisk will help you to recover file and also repair your disk from bad sector. Please see vendor website for use of testdisk.

Installation and Usage:

1. You can download directly to the vendor’s website (link download will appear in the bottom of this article) and choose the Operating System you have used. I am using OS SUSE Linux 11.0. For speed installation, I choose RPM package file Linux i386.

2. After downloading these files, click testdisk-6.10-1.i386.rpm and type your password as a root user, you can wait while the installation is in process. To check the testdisk has been installed or not, just type ‘rpm -qa | grep testdisk‘ (without quote) in the console window. TestDisk-6.10-1 has been successfully installed.

3. Still in Console window, login as a root and type ‘su‘ (without quote) then type your root password, type ‘testdisk‘ (without quote). TestDisk 6.10 Data Recovery Utility will run. Press Enter.

4. Testdisk will detect your storage media/hard drive include my flashdisk Kingston DT Mini Slim. In this case I want to recover my files which have been deleted from my Flashdisk. Choose media using the Arrow keys on your keyboard, then press Enter.

5. Choose the partition type, I choose Intel.

6. Choose Analyse, then press Enter.

7. Choose Quick Search, then press Enter.

8. Type ‘Y‘ (without quote)

9. Press Enter.

10. Type ‘P‘ (without quote) to List/Preview Files

11. You can see, there are 2 different color text in the Console window, Red and White text, the red text is mean the deleted files (which will be restored soon) and the white text is mean the currently files. Type ‘h‘ (without quote) to hide the red text if you want.

12. Select the files you want to restore then press ‘c‘ (without quote) to copy it, and choose the destination of files you want to copy it to, using Arrow keys, then press ‘y‘ (without quote) to confirm the copy process.

13. To copy another files you can select the files and press ‘c‘ (without quote) again, this process is absolutely simple, it’s not difficult. 14. Well done, you have recovered/restored your deleted files.

Note : The usage of Testdisk is not limited for recovery deleted files only. According to the vendor’s website, you can use this tool to repairing harddisk which have bad sector, repairing hard disk which can not boot or bootable, etc. I hope in the next article I will try to explore the usage of this tool more deeper than before.

You can also run test disk on debian linux, mandrake linux or ubuntu linux as well.

Red Hat Linux – Using the Linux ls Command to List the Contents of A Directory

The Linux ls command is one of the most commonly used commands. It is used to list the contents of a directory and show the files and other directories in a directory.

In the Windows world, a Linux directory is called a Windows folder.

There are lots of options that can be used with the ls command to see different information on the files and directories that are in a directory.

Running the Linux ls Command with Examples of Options

You can run the following Linux ls command examples at the command line prompt to get real, practical commands training experience!

Linux Commands Training Tips: When you run the ls commands below, with the examples of ls command options and parameters, don’t type in the $ (dollar sign) prompt. Just type in the commands shown at the right of the $ sign.

Run the ls command without any options to see the contents of the current directory.

$ ls

Run the ls command with the -l option for “long” option to see a longer and more detailed listing of the current directory.

$ ls -l

Now run the command below and add the -a option to show “all” files (which will cause the normally hidden files to appear) in the current directory.

$ ls -la

The ls command below shows the contents of the root directory. Many of the directory names that appear in the / (root) directory are common to all Linux distros. Notice that a directory named sbin (for superuser binaries) appears.

$ ls /

Now list the contents of the sbin directory.

$ ls /sbin

Now get a “long” listing of the sbin directory.

$ ls -l /sbin

The next ls command shows the contents of sbin sorted by size (due to the upper case S option), with the largest file at the top. You can see the size of items in the fifth column from the left. And you can click on the scroll bar on the right side of the terminal emulation window to scroll up!

$ ls -lS /sbin

Now see the files in reverse order, due to the -r option.

$ ls -lSr /sbin

And now add the h option for “human readable” to cause a file with a size of 7,169 to appear as 7k.

$ ls -lSrh /sbin

The ls command is one of the GNU Linux commands, which are the “core” Linux commands that are common to ALL Linux distributions. Many people start considering on using free linux as option to their operating system. To learn linux red hat commands you can choose fedora to get the enterprise feel on linux.

By learning the GNU Linux commands, you learn how to use ALL Linux versions!

By the way…do you want to learn exactly how to use Linux and run red hat Linux commands for Linux System Administration and get real, practical Linux training experience by running hundreds of examples of Linux commands? Stay tune as I will add more linux commands in  this web site.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultant

Among other linux distro comes anoter version that give easy to use just like windows Xp. Linux XP offer the looks and feels like windows environtment so people that usually works under windows will not confused when moved to linux XP. This variant if specificaly build for russian speakers but not limited to others who like to use linux.

Linux xp freespire can be download from their web site www.linux-xp.com once you finish downloading you can installed it by using step by step manual. After installation you can freely do linux xp activation on their web site and then you can start enjoy using it. Linux Xp offer windows XP like interface so user will get convenient using linux xp.

Linux xp review

Starting linux XP will get you real windows xp experience starting from the interface, desktop display and control panel. Administering Linux XP desktop version will never get any easier than this. Admin will happy doing maintenance since the GUI almost looks the same as windows control panel.

With Linux XP you get windows experience in the size of Linux that is free to use and develop, you can add more feature to linux xp so you can get more custom operating system with your favorite flavor.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultant

Issues like choosing a Mac or a PC, or choosing an Apple operating system or a Windows operating system have been highly debated for years – and there have even been a recent line of commercials that brings this argument right into your own living room. There are many heated debates and arguments in the world of computers and technology these days. Some of these debates have been around since the computers first became popular amongst average, everyday people. However, one of the newest arguments involves a relatively little-know, but highly powerful operating system known as Linux. And the exact question is what one is better – Linux or Windows?

There are many things that you need to take into consideration when trying to make the decision between running Linux on your PC or running Windows – and this article attempts to help educate you on the topic, so that you can make a better decision for yourself regarding Linux vs Windows. Well, the answer is not a simple and quick one, by any means. Since each have their own feature we need to clarify our need’s first.

Linux vs Vista

The first thing to consider is your PC gaming life. If you are always playing the hottest new game, you probably want to stick with Windows. Because it is by far the most popular computer operating system available today, more games and applications are developed for Windows than any other platform. And while you may be able to run most Windows-based games on a computer that is running Linux, it’s not a guarantee that every single game in your collection will work. That is why if you are a computer gamer by any means, you will definitely want to pick Windows over Linux.

Linux vs Windows 2008

However, being the most popular operating system has a down side too, as Windows users are well aware of. Because more people use Windows on their home computer than any other operating system, malicious computer users and computer hackers target Windows-based computers far more than any other computer. There are thousands upon thousands of different viruses that may affect your Windows machine – with Linux, however, this simply is not the case. Computer hackers are not going to spend the amount of time that it takes to try and develop a virus for Linux, when it is so easy to make one for Windows. So if security is your main concern for your home computer, without a doubt Linux is the way to go.

For server you can now choose windows server 2008 that has core operating system like linux. But you to consider your ROI if you plan  to use server operating system, linux can be expensive if you don’t know how to use it on the other hands windows 2008 offer services that most linux can not offer.

Because Linux is an open source operating system however, it has gained quite a bit of popularity lately. What this means is that all of the ordinary users of Linux are free to play around with the operating system and develop their own programs and applications. And as this becomes more and more commonplace, you never quite know what Linux might come out with next. Indeed, it might be even better than anything Windows has to offer. And if you are already running a Linux operating system on your home computer, you will be a step ahead of most users who are still using Microsoft Windows on their machines. Ultimately, the choice is yours – though each system does have its advantages and disadvantages.

So you better be wise on how to choose your operating system, consider reliability, convenience and offcourse security.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultant

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If you think a Dog Linux download for PS3 is the best that you can do then think again. The latest release of Linux for PS3 is a super-charged powerhouse of a program. Installation is exceedingly simple, the program is bug free, and installing it will not void your PS3′s warranty… yeah, you heard me right. Want to know what else is cool about this? It turns your PS3 gaming system into a Linux based, multi-tasking computer. You can even have it run the Microsoft Windows OS on linux os and turn it also into a PC! Is that sweet or what? Can a Dog Linux download for PS3 do all that?

More than all that, you’ll still be able to play all of your PS3 games and watch movies, but now you can go online with it and download, play and run linux software – movies, PC applications of all types, PS3 games, games made for other platforms (including those killer-cool old classics from the good old SNES!), and none of it will interfere with the normal functioning of your PS3!

What’s more, if you ever wanted to upgrade your PS3 in the future, this linux software will never interfere with it. So too, Sony’s upgrades to the PS3 gaming system won’t interfere at all with your new Linux os installation either. Can the same be said of a Dog Linux download for PS3? Well, with this new Linux distro, you can even have the more advanced Yellow Dog Linux installed as well!

Now, picture it… you now have a Linux powered machine, a PC computer, a storehouse of movies on a slick movie/DVD player, and a PS3 gaming system which downloads and plays games from other platforms as well (including those made for PC), all in one little system. You got room for all of those things in your gaming space? Is your dorm room the size of a stick of gum? Now you can have it all in the tiny space of your PS3 gaming system!

Installing Linux on your PS3 can sometimes void your warranty and/or be damaging to your system! So you might want to install linux at your own PC. By using linux distro you can pick your kind of linux os for specific purposes e.g mail server, file server, router. This kind linux distro will help you set things up in an easy way.

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Why Learn Linux?

If you are reading this you probably already have a reason that you would like to learn Linux. This article will specifically focus on those who want to learn Linux for professional or career advancement. This article is focused on those who have limited to no experience with Linux and know the professional and career benefits learning such an amazing operating system can have.

Why Not Ubuntu or Debian?

Contrary to popular belief Ubuntu and Debian are not as popular as people think, although there is a lot of online hype about these distributions and they are great for the hobbyist they are not the best choice for those who wish to gain experience on a Linux distro that is widely used in the enterprise.

If we take a look at Dell and IBM for instance they specifically support RedHat Enterprise Linux. Having personally worked for IBM, Oracle, Qwest Communications and CSG Systems I know first hand that these companies purchase hardware from Dell and IBM and specifically choose RedHat Enterprise Linux for their Linux servers.

So with a price tag ranging from $350-$8,000 for RedHat Enterprise you could easily go broke setting up a few small distro linux servers to learn on. So what do you do? How can you possibly learn this operating system and give your self the experience you need to shine in any enterprise environment?

Why Fedora Core?

Well for those that don’t currently know Fedora is an open-source RedHat sponsored community Linux distribution. Fedora as stated on the RedHat website is

“Community integration and rapid innovation vs, compatibility. Because Fedora’s main objective is to get new technology into the hands of interested users, compatibility is at times a secondary consideration. Fedora applications are more likely to require recompilation and sometimes source code adaptation to keep up with changing interfaces.

At times, this can lead to difficult decisions–preserving compatibility can preclude the incorporation of desirable new features.” We go to great lengths to preserve compatibility in Red Hat Enterprise Linux updates.

What this means for you is that as you learn on Fedora you can almost guarantee that you will feel very comfortable working with RedHat enterprise Linux in almost corporate environment and be able to answer technical Linux questions in just about any interview. Since RedHat provides the direction for the Fedora Project you can guarantee and expect that Fedora will provide the perfect learning ground for RedHat Enterprise Linux.

You can find fedora at many linux distro download sites available on the internet or you can directly go to red hat web site to download fedora from there. After fisnish setup your small distro linux you start learn linux at your own pace and next thing to do is go for red hat enterprise certification to start your new career.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultan

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Regular Ubuntu Linux Users and the (Lack of Use of the) root User

When you install Ubuntu Linux, you create a user, which is the “first” user and you can also create more users if you need to. When you create the “first” user, you assign this user a password – and this one is very important! This is the first thing linux administrators should do.

It is required to log in to the desktop (at the Linux GUI login prompt) as the “regular” (non-root) user – and this password is also required to be able to do the equivalent of logging in as the root user – when you’re working at the Linux prompt a terminal emulation window on the desktop.

By default, the root use is not “enabled” (not available) in Ubuntu and so you can’t log in as this user – which is an innovative thing – as it stops anyone from logging in to the desktop as this user – which should never be done!

Example of Running the Linux sudo Command – To Start Working as the root User

You type in:   sudo -i   and then press Enter to change from working as a “regular” user to working as (the equivalent of) the root user in Ubuntu (and variations or derivatives, such as Kubuntu – see more on this further below).

And then you provide the password of the first user that was created on the system. After running the Linux sudo command, the prompt changes from a dollar sign to a number or hash sign (press Shift 3). To “go back” to working as a “regular”, run the exit command by entering the command name and pressing the Enter key.

This Linux version has its own “derivatives” (variations), and many of these end in “ubuntu”, such as Kubuntu.

Ubuntu Linux and it’s derivatives are some of the few distributions that require the use of the sudo command with the -i option as shown above – as opposed to using the su command with the – “dash” option and then typing in the password of the root user.

And now I would like to offer you free access to my Linux Commands Training Mini-Course, which you can access it in this site where you can explore more about ubuntu commands.

This site not only dedicated for ubuntu linux only, there is many things that you should know about linux distribution. The good things about linux is free you can download any distro you like and installed in your machine.

Priyo Wibowo | IT consultant

There are currently four programs that enable people to become certified as Linux Systems Administrators. These programs are offered by the Computing Technology Industry Association, the Linux Professional Institute, the Novell Corporation, and Red Hat, Inc. The first two are professional industry associations whose certification programs do not depend on any specific Linux distribution. Novell and Red Hat Linux certifications are closely associated with their popular Linux distributions. Should you wish to prepare for either of these two certifications you will definitely need access to their Linux version.

What’s involved in obtaining a Linux Certification? You must pass one or more extensive tests that demonstrate your prowess in dealing with the typical and some atypical problems faced by Linux systems administrators. The test is designed to validate the knowledge of individuals with a minimum of six to twelve months of practical Linux experience not just for those who only learn linux without practice. We’ll take a closer look at the CompTIA Linux+™ Certification, the one often recommended as the first certification for people new to Linux. This certification does not apply to any specific Linux version. According to the Computing Technology Industry Association, linux administrator professionals achieving the CompTIA Linux+ certification can explain fundamental management of Linux systems from the command line, demonstrate knowledge of user administration, understand file permissions, software configurations such as linux mount, and management of Linux-based clients, server systems, and security.

The Linux+ certification is a basic, entry-level certification for Linux system administrators. It is intended for people with six-months experience installing, operating and maintaining Linux operating systems. To achieve Linux+ certification, candidates must pass the 98 question Linux+ exam which covers seven areas: Planning and Implementation; Installation; Configuration; Administration; System Maintenance; Troubleshooting; and Identify, Install and Maintain System Hardware. This multiple-choice exam costs about $232 and is a good starting point for those who want to continue with other Linux certifications including those from Novell and Red Hat.

Why would anybody want to start preparing Linux certification on a limited version of Linux? The answer is simple – certification is not to be taken lightly. Don’t make a major financial and time investment unless you know that you really want to be certified and that you possess the required skill set. It’s not hard to find schools that promise you success in Linux certification and in any of their course offerings. But Linux certification may not be for you. Don’t make a major certification investment only to find that it wasn’t what you had in mind. Work your way through my tutorials including the suggestions for going further. Get your hands on a variety of Linux books. I would start with books designed for learning Linux and for running Linux systems before working with Linux certification books.

Don’t be satisfied with running computer exercises in your mind, and nodding your head at the appropriate times. To succeed you must do the exercises on a computer running Linux. Since installation is a component of all Linux Certification exams don’t stint on installing several versions of Linux on your computer. An external USB hard drive is not very expensive. Try to make friends with someone who knows better than you how to do things. Ask a lot of questions. And good luck!

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultan

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