Issues like choosing a Mac or a PC, or choosing an Apple operating system or a Windows operating system have been highly debated for years – and there have even been a recent line of commercials that brings this argument right into your own living room. There are many heated debates and arguments in the world of computers and technology these days. Some of these debates have been around since the computers first became popular amongst average, everyday people. However, one of the newest arguments involves a relatively little-know, but highly powerful operating system known as Linux. And the exact question is what one is better – Linux or Windows?

There are many things that you need to take into consideration when trying to make the decision between running Linux on your PC or running Windows – and this article attempts to help educate you on the topic, so that you can make a better decision for yourself regarding Linux vs Windows. Well, the answer is not a simple and quick one, by any means. Since each have their own feature we need to clarify our need’s first.

Linux vs Vista

The first thing to consider is your PC gaming life. If you are always playing the hottest new game, you probably want to stick with Windows. Because it is by far the most popular computer operating system available today, more games and applications are developed for Windows than any other platform. And while you may be able to run most Windows-based games on a computer that is running Linux, it’s not a guarantee that every single game in your collection will work. That is why if you are a computer gamer by any means, you will definitely want to pick Windows over Linux.

Linux vs Windows 2008

However, being the most popular operating system has a down side too, as Windows users are well aware of. Because more people use Windows on their home computer than any other operating system, malicious computer users and computer hackers target Windows-based computers far more than any other computer. There are thousands upon thousands of different viruses that may affect your Windows machine – with Linux, however, this simply is not the case. Computer hackers are not going to spend the amount of time that it takes to try and develop a virus for Linux, when it is so easy to make one for Windows. So if security is your main concern for your home computer, without a doubt Linux is the way to go.

For server you can now choose windows server 2008 that has core operating system like linux. But you to consider your ROI if you plan  to use server operating system, linux can be expensive if you don’t know how to use it on the other hands windows 2008 offer services that most linux can not offer.

Because Linux is an open source operating system however, it has gained quite a bit of popularity lately. What this means is that all of the ordinary users of Linux are free to play around with the operating system and develop their own programs and applications. And as this becomes more and more commonplace, you never quite know what Linux might come out with next. Indeed, it might be even better than anything Windows has to offer. And if you are already running a Linux operating system on your home computer, you will be a step ahead of most users who are still using Microsoft Windows on their machines. Ultimately, the choice is yours – though each system does have its advantages and disadvantages.

So you better be wise on how to choose your operating system, consider reliability, convenience and offcourse security.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultant

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If you think a Dog Linux download for PS3 is the best that you can do then think again. The latest release of Linux for PS3 is a super-charged powerhouse of a program. Installation is exceedingly simple, the program is bug free, and installing it will not void your PS3′s warranty… yeah, you heard me right. Want to know what else is cool about this? It turns your PS3 gaming system into a Linux based, multi-tasking computer. You can even have it run the Microsoft Windows OS on linux os and turn it also into a PC! Is that sweet or what? Can a Dog Linux download for PS3 do all that?

More than all that, you’ll still be able to play all of your PS3 games and watch movies, but now you can go online with it and download, play and run linux software – movies, PC applications of all types, PS3 games, games made for other platforms (including those killer-cool old classics from the good old SNES!), and none of it will interfere with the normal functioning of your PS3!

What’s more, if you ever wanted to upgrade your PS3 in the future, this linux software will never interfere with it. So too, Sony’s upgrades to the PS3 gaming system won’t interfere at all with your new Linux os installation either. Can the same be said of a Dog Linux download for PS3? Well, with this new Linux distro, you can even have the more advanced Yellow Dog Linux installed as well!

Now, picture it… you now have a Linux powered machine, a PC computer, a storehouse of movies on a slick movie/DVD player, and a PS3 gaming system which downloads and plays games from other platforms as well (including those made for PC), all in one little system. You got room for all of those things in your gaming space? Is your dorm room the size of a stick of gum? Now you can have it all in the tiny space of your PS3 gaming system!

Installing Linux on your PS3 can sometimes void your warranty and/or be damaging to your system! So you might want to install linux at your own PC. By using linux distro you can pick your kind of linux os for specific purposes e.g mail server, file server, router. This kind linux distro will help you set things up in an easy way.

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Why Learn Linux?

If you are reading this you probably already have a reason that you would like to learn Linux. This article will specifically focus on those who want to learn Linux for professional or career advancement. This article is focused on those who have limited to no experience with Linux and know the professional and career benefits learning such an amazing operating system can have.

Why Not Ubuntu or Debian?

Contrary to popular belief Ubuntu and Debian are not as popular as people think, although there is a lot of online hype about these distributions and they are great for the hobbyist they are not the best choice for those who wish to gain experience on a Linux distro that is widely used in the enterprise.

If we take a look at Dell and IBM for instance they specifically support RedHat Enterprise Linux. Having personally worked for IBM, Oracle, Qwest Communications and CSG Systems I know first hand that these companies purchase hardware from Dell and IBM and specifically choose RedHat Enterprise Linux for their Linux servers.

So with a price tag ranging from $350-$8,000 for RedHat Enterprise you could easily go broke setting up a few small distro linux servers to learn on. So what do you do? How can you possibly learn this operating system and give your self the experience you need to shine in any enterprise environment?

Why Fedora Core?

Well for those that don’t currently know Fedora is an open-source RedHat sponsored community Linux distribution. Fedora as stated on the RedHat website is

“Community integration and rapid innovation vs, compatibility. Because Fedora’s main objective is to get new technology into the hands of interested users, compatibility is at times a secondary consideration. Fedora applications are more likely to require recompilation and sometimes source code adaptation to keep up with changing interfaces.

At times, this can lead to difficult decisions–preserving compatibility can preclude the incorporation of desirable new features.” We go to great lengths to preserve compatibility in Red Hat Enterprise Linux updates.

What this means for you is that as you learn on Fedora you can almost guarantee that you will feel very comfortable working with RedHat enterprise Linux in almost corporate environment and be able to answer technical Linux questions in just about any interview. Since RedHat provides the direction for the Fedora Project you can guarantee and expect that Fedora will provide the perfect learning ground for RedHat Enterprise Linux.

You can find fedora at many linux distro download sites available on the internet or you can directly go to red hat web site to download fedora from there. After fisnish setup your small distro linux you start learn linux at your own pace and next thing to do is go for red hat enterprise certification to start your new career.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultan

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Regular Ubuntu Linux Users and the (Lack of Use of the) root User

When you install Ubuntu Linux, you create a user, which is the “first” user and you can also create more users if you need to. When you create the “first” user, you assign this user a password – and this one is very important! This is the first thing linux administrators should do.

It is required to log in to the desktop (at the Linux GUI login prompt) as the “regular” (non-root) user – and this password is also required to be able to do the equivalent of logging in as the root user – when you’re working at the Linux prompt a terminal emulation window on the desktop.

By default, the root use is not “enabled” (not available) in Ubuntu and so you can’t log in as this user – which is an innovative thing – as it stops anyone from logging in to the desktop as this user – which should never be done!

Example of Running the Linux sudo Command – To Start Working as the root User

You type in:   sudo -i   and then press Enter to change from working as a “regular” user to working as (the equivalent of) the root user in Ubuntu (and variations or derivatives, such as Kubuntu – see more on this further below).

And then you provide the password of the first user that was created on the system. After running the Linux sudo command, the prompt changes from a dollar sign to a number or hash sign (press Shift 3). To “go back” to working as a “regular”, run the exit command by entering the command name and pressing the Enter key.

This Linux version has its own “derivatives” (variations), and many of these end in “ubuntu”, such as Kubuntu.

Ubuntu Linux and it’s derivatives are some of the few distributions that require the use of the sudo command with the -i option as shown above – as opposed to using the su command with the – “dash” option and then typing in the password of the root user.

And now I would like to offer you free access to my Linux Commands Training Mini-Course, which you can access it in this site where you can explore more about ubuntu commands.

This site not only dedicated for ubuntu linux only, there is many things that you should know about linux distribution. The good things about linux is free you can download any distro you like and installed in your machine.

Priyo Wibowo | IT consultant

There are currently four programs that enable people to become certified as Linux Systems Administrators. These programs are offered by the Computing Technology Industry Association, the Linux Professional Institute, the Novell Corporation, and Red Hat, Inc. The first two are professional industry associations whose certification programs do not depend on any specific Linux distribution. Novell and Red Hat Linux certifications are closely associated with their popular Linux distributions. Should you wish to prepare for either of these two certifications you will definitely need access to their Linux version.

What’s involved in obtaining a Linux Certification? You must pass one or more extensive tests that demonstrate your prowess in dealing with the typical and some atypical problems faced by Linux systems administrators. The test is designed to validate the knowledge of individuals with a minimum of six to twelve months of practical Linux experience not just for those who only learn linux without practice. We’ll take a closer look at the CompTIA Linux+™ Certification, the one often recommended as the first certification for people new to Linux. This certification does not apply to any specific Linux version. According to the Computing Technology Industry Association, linux administrator professionals achieving the CompTIA Linux+ certification can explain fundamental management of Linux systems from the command line, demonstrate knowledge of user administration, understand file permissions, software configurations such as linux mount, and management of Linux-based clients, server systems, and security.

The Linux+ certification is a basic, entry-level certification for Linux system administrators. It is intended for people with six-months experience installing, operating and maintaining Linux operating systems. To achieve Linux+ certification, candidates must pass the 98 question Linux+ exam which covers seven areas: Planning and Implementation; Installation; Configuration; Administration; System Maintenance; Troubleshooting; and Identify, Install and Maintain System Hardware. This multiple-choice exam costs about $232 and is a good starting point for those who want to continue with other Linux certifications including those from Novell and Red Hat.

Why would anybody want to start preparing Linux certification on a limited version of Linux? The answer is simple – certification is not to be taken lightly. Don’t make a major financial and time investment unless you know that you really want to be certified and that you possess the required skill set. It’s not hard to find schools that promise you success in Linux certification and in any of their course offerings. But Linux certification may not be for you. Don’t make a major certification investment only to find that it wasn’t what you had in mind. Work your way through my tutorials including the suggestions for going further. Get your hands on a variety of Linux books. I would start with books designed for learning Linux and for running Linux systems before working with Linux certification books.

Don’t be satisfied with running computer exercises in your mind, and nodding your head at the appropriate times. To succeed you must do the exercises on a computer running Linux. Since installation is a component of all Linux Certification exams don’t stint on installing several versions of Linux on your computer. An external USB hard drive is not very expensive. Try to make friends with someone who knows better than you how to do things. Ask a lot of questions. And good luck!

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The Default Linux File Systems (Filesystems)

The default filesystems that are recognized by Linux are specified in the text file named filesystems in the /proc directory.

Four of the filesystems that are commonly found on a Linux system are: ext2 (old and less common), ext3 (very common), iso9660 and swap.

Some Linux distributions also use other filesystems.

For example, instead of the ext3 filesystem, the SUSE and openSUSE distributions use the reiserfs filesystem by default.

In addition to the above linux filesystems, by default Linux can also recognize a partition that is a “swap” partition.

Depending on the documentation that you are reading and the command or utility that you are using, “swap” is not typically considered to be a filesystem type. It is a type of partition that is treated by the OS as virtual memory (where hard disk storage space works as though it is RAM memory).

The following is a description of some of the commonly used Linux filesystems.

ext2 (second extended filesystem) supports UNIX/Linux files and directories and allows for long file names (up to 255 characters).

ext3 (third extended filesystem) is the current default filesystem for Red Hat, Fedora and many other Linux distributions. The ext3 filesystem is on the way to becoming the de facto standard for Linux.

ext3 is based on the previous ext2 filesystem. It is basically the same as ext2, with the main difference being that ext3 supports a feature called “journalling”. The greatest benefit of this feature is that it provides a quicker recovery when a filesystem “crash” occurs and a system goes “down” (and stops working).

If files are corrupted on a partition using ext2, then the Linux fsck (filesystem check) utility is run to check the filesystem and repair it and this can take a very long time.

When the files on an ext3 filesystem become corrupted, then the fsck utility is still run to check and repair the filesystem, but this takes much less time due to the journalling feature of ext3.

vfat is the Linux filesystem that is compatible with DOS file names and Windows long file names. In some Linux utilities, “vfat” appears as “fat” or “fat32″.

iso9660 is the filesystem used on a CD-ROM.

swap (a.k.a. Linux swap partition, swap drive, swap space) is a disk partition that is used by the Linux OS as “virtual memory”. Linux uses the disk space that you have specified for the swap drive as though it were RAM (memory chips in your system).

The Linux filesystem type concepts and definitions covered here apply to: Ubuntu, Debian, Red Hat, Fedora, SUSE, Slackware, openSUSE – and ALL other Linux distributions.

If you are want to become Linux administrator then you like to know more about linux mount as well.

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The Linux mount command is used to mount a filesystem by assigning a mount point (such as a directory below the /mnt directory) to a hard disk partition or other disk device, such as a CD-ROM drive.

After the partition or device has been mounted, it can be accessed by application Linux software programs, utilities and commands.

Example of Using the Linux mount Command

For example, the following command:

$ mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom causes the device file named cdrom in the /dev directory to be mounted “onto” the cdrom directory below /mnt.

The cdrom directory becomes the “mount point” for the CD and this allows you to access the filesystem of the CD.

The files in the / (root) directory of the CD become accessible below the full path of /mnt/cdrom.

Listing the Contents of the Linux /dev System Directory Below The / (Root) Directory

Many of the important Linux system directories, such as the /dev directory, are located directly below the / (root) directory.

Now look at the contents of the /dev directory and find out what Linux uses it for.

Examples of Using the Linux ls Command to the List System Directories and the /dev Directory

The following command lists the contents of the / directory – from any directory. The “-l” option of the ls command is not required here.

$ ls / Notice the dev directory, which is below the / (root) directory in the full path of /dev.

Viewing the Contents (Directories and Files) in the /dev Directory Path

Now run the following command to see the contents of the /dev directory, without having to change directory.

$ ls /dev Example of Using the Linux nl Command To Number Lines of Output

The Linux nl (number line) command can be used to count and display the number of lines in a file or the output of a command.

In the folloinwg example, the output of the ls command is “piped” (with the vertical bar symbol) to the nl command to display a count of the output of the command.

$ ls -l /dev | nl This shows the device driver files for many different types of Linux hardware devices that are located in /dev and a count of the number of them.

Linux Commands Training Tips: On more current Linux systems, the mount command may not be required and your devices may automatically mount below the /media directory. For example, if you put a CD in your drive and it automatically appears on your Linux desktop, you do not need to use the mount command to do the steps in the command example above. The Linux ls command and dev system directory concepts covered here apply to ALL Linux distributions and versions, including Ubuntu, openSUSE, Debian, SUSE, Fedora, Slackware and Red Hat Linux.

By the way…do you want to learn exactly how to use Linux and run Linux commands for Linux System Administration and get real, practical Linux training experience by running hundreds of examples of Linux commands? Stay tune as I add more about Linux.

Linux DHCP is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is used to control vital networking parameters of hosts (running clients)with the help of a server. DHCP is backward compatible with BOOTP. For more information see RFC 2131 (old RFC 1541) and other. (See Internet Resources section at the end of the document).

This mini-tutorial covers both the DHCP _SERVER_ daemon as well as DHCP_CLIENT_ daemon. Most people need the client daemon which is used byworkstations to obtain network information from a remote server. The serverdaemon is used by system administrators to distribute network informationto clients so if you are just a regular user you need the _CLIENT_ daemon.

Downloading the client daemon (dhcpcd)

Depending on your distribution you might have to download the DHCP client daemon. If you want to compile it from the source youpackage you need is called dhcpcd and the current version is 1.3.18. It is maintained by Sergei Viznyuk <sergei@phystech.com> andtoday it comes as a binary package with most distributions.

dhcpcd source can be downloaded from following locations

• ftp://ftp.phystech.com/pub/ (Primary site)
• http://www.cps.msu.edu/~dunham/out/

Then follow the instructions below. They should be the same.

Tying it all together

After your machine reboots your network interface should be configured.Type: ifconfig.

You should get something like this:

          lo        Link encap:Local Loopback            inet addr:127.0.0.1  Bcast:127.255.255.255  Mask:255.0.0.0          UP BROADCAST LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:3584  Metric:1          RX packets:302 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:302 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 coll:0eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:20:AF:EE:05:45          inet addr:24.128.53.102  Bcast:24.128.53.255  Mask:255.255.254.0          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^          UP BROADCAST NOTRAILERS RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:24783 errors:1 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:1          TX packets:11598 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 coll:96          Interrupt:10 Base address:0x300

If you have some normal number under inet addr you are set. If you see0.0.0.0 don’t despair, it is a temporary setting beforedhcpcd acquiresthe IP address. If even after few minutes you are seeing 0.0.0.0 pleasecheck out Troubleshooting. DHCPcd is a daemon and willstay running as long as you have your machine on. Every three hours itwill contact the DHCP server and try to renew the IP address lease. Itwill log all the messages in the syslog (on Slackware/var/adm/syslog, RedHat/OpenLinux/var/log/syslog).

One final thing. You need to specify your nameservers. There are two ways to doit, you can either ask your provider to provide you with the addresses of yourname server and then put those in the/etc/resolv.conf or DHCPcd will obtainthe list from the linux DHCP server and will build aresolv.conf in /etc/dhcpc.

I decided to use linux DHCPcd’s resolv.conf by doing the following:

Back up your old /etc/resolv.conf: mv /etc/resolv.conf/etc/resolv.conf.OLD

If directory /etc/dhcpc doesn’texist create it: mkdir /etc/dhcpc

Make a link from /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf to/etc/resolv.conf: ln -s/etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

If that doesn’t work try this (fix suggested by<nothing@cc.gatech.edu> with a little amendment by HenrikStoerner):

This last step I had to perform only because my dhcpcd doesn’tcreate an /etc/dhcpc/resolv.conf. In /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup Imade the following changes (which are a very poor hack, but they workfor me):

elif [ "$BOOTPROTO" = dhcp -a "$ISALIAS" = no ]; then    echo -n "Using DHCP for ${DEVICE}... "    /sbin/dhcpcd -c /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdhcpc-done ${DEVICE}    echo "echo \$$ > /var/run/dhcp-wait-${DEVICE}.pid; exec sleep 30" | sh    if [ -f /var/run/dhcp-wait-${DEVICE}.pid ]; then^^^^        echo "failed."        exit 1

I changed to:

elif [ "$BOOTPROTO" = dhcp -a "$ISALIAS" = no ]; then    echo -n "Using DHCP for ${DEVICE}... "    /sbin/dhcpcd    echo "echo \$$ > /var/run/dhcp-wait-${DEVICE}.pid; exec sleep 30" | sh    if [ ! -f /var/run/dhcp-wait-${DEVICE}.pid ]; then^^^^^^       echo "failed."       exit 1

Now sit back and enjoy .

eth0      Link encap:10Mbps Ethernet  HWaddr 00:C0:4F:D3:C4:62          inet addr:183.217.19.43  Bcast:183.217.19.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:2875542 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0          TX packets:218647 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0          Interrupt:11 Base address:0x210

255.255.255.255 all-ones

route add -host all-ones dev eth0

route add 255.255.255.0 dev eth0

# Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf# (add your comments here) default-lease-time 600;max-lease-time 7200;option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;option routers 192.168.1.254;option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2;option domain-name "mydomain.org";subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {   range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;   range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;}

option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

host haagen {   hardware ethernet 08:00:2b:4c:59:23;   fixed-address 192.168.1.222;}

touch /var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases

/usr/sbin/dhcpd

/usr/sbin/dhcpd eth1

/usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -f

/etc/rc.d/rc.local

Now you can maintain your network systems by using Linux DHCP Server and you must not worry about giving DHCP manually to each client computer.

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Introduction to Linux

Linux is an Open source operating system that widely use by many user. Linux known as open source operating system that means you can download all the source code and write your own. By using open source technic or copy left, linux by itself becoming more and more famous.Many people around the world helping each other to make linux a better operating system.

Until now linux development is still going on. We can see so many linux variant each one has their own power to their users. For example many student rely their PC on linux since the cost of operating system license is too expensive. Many company start migrating their systems toLinux environment as it is more stable and cheaper.

Organization use Linux as Server operating systems, desktop and many more. For network systems we use to protect network by using it as firewall and proxy server, and we also use it for bandwidth management so we can manage users bandwidth while accessing internet.

Linux is also been use as email server and database server, it’s cheap and reliable. Many major company rely their business on Linux system as it fast and cheap. Organization gain more benefit while moving their system to linux. For office productivity there is open office application that can be used to boost users productivity so they can keep productive as while they are using other Operating system.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultant

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Introduction

Domain Name System (DNS) converts the name of a Web site (www.sekolahlinux.com) to an IP address. This step is important, because the IP address of a Web site’s server, not the Web site’s name, is used in routing traffic over the Internet. This blog will explain how to configure your own DNS server to help guide Web surfers to your site.

Introduction to DNS

Before you dig too deep in DNS, you need to understand a few foundation concepts on which the rest of the chapter will be built.

DNS Domains

Everyone in the world has a first name and a last, or family, name. The same thing is true in the DNS world: A family of Web sites can be loosely described a domain. For example, the domain sekolahlinux.com has a number of children, such as www.sekolahlinux.com and mail.sekolahlinux.com for the Web and mail servers, respectively.

BIND

BIND is an acronym for the Berkeley Internet Name Domain project, which is a group that maintains the DNS-related software suite that runs under Linux. The most well known program in BIND is named, the daemon that responds to DNS queries from remote machines.

DNS Clients

A DNS client doesn’t store DNS information; it must always refer to a DNS server to get it. The only DNS configuration file for a DNS client is the /etc/resolv.conf file, which defines the IP address of the DNS server it should use. You shouldn’t need to configure any other files. You’ll become well acquainted with the /etc/resolv.conf file soon.

Authoritative DNS Servers

Authoritative servers provide the definitive information for your DNS domain, such as the names of servers and Web sites in it. They are the last word in information related to your domain.

How DNS Servers Find Out Your Site Information

There are 13 root authoritative DNS servers (super duper authorities) that all DNS servers query first. These root servers know all the authoritative DNS servers for all the main domains – .com, .net, and the rest. This layer of servers keep track of all the DNS servers that Web site systems administrators have assigned for their sub domains.

For example, when you register your domain my-site.com, you are actually inserting a record on the .com DNS servers that point to the authoritative DNS servers you assigned for your domain. (You can also read more basic networking in network systems).

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